Wheat is currently a grain product consists of approximately 25,000 different species. Strange studies carried out by researchers as the gene center of wheat in the light of South Turkmenistan, Anatolia, Western Iran and the Caucasus acceptable. It prefers a continental climate. Wheat; used in the production of flour, semolina and feed. It is an essential nutrient bark. It can be separated or ground with its shell. Wheat is also a source of food for livestock.It is also grown as feed material.

Today, the countries such as China, India, USA, Russia,Australia, Canada, Ukraine, Turkey and Kazakhstan are the world’s largest are wheat producers. Wheat grain consists of 3 parts: husk, endosperm and embryo. Approximately 12% of the grain contains the shell, 3% the embryo and 85% the flour part, the endosperm.

Husk: It is separated from the endosperm in milling and used as animal feed.

Embryo: The part that allows the seed to germinate. It contains high amounts of fatty substances. It is preferable to separate it as it causes prematüre deterioration.

Endosperm: It is the part of wheat that is made into flour.

Wheat is divided into three classes according to their botanical structure: These are;

  • • Bread Wheat
  • • Wheat for Biscuits
  • • Durum Wheat. Wheat is also classified according to hardness, grain color and planting status.
  • • According to grain hardness: Hard wheat, semi-hard wheat, soft wheat.
  • • According to grain colors: Red and white wheat
  • • According to planting: Summer and winter wheat

Wheat Production

Wheat is one of the most consumed foods in different forms almost all over the world. So how to grow such a vital product? Many variables such as climate, planting methods, irrigation techniques, fertilization and harvesting method are effective in wheat cultivation. For this reason, in order to achieve maximum benefit in wheat agriculture, it is necessary to have complete and accurate information about all these variables. In order to obtain healthy, high-quality and maximum yield wheat, attention should be paid to the selection of the variety to be planted, as well as criteria such as planting time and planting depth. These components may threaten production, sometimes from soil, sometimes from air, and sometimes from water.

Wheat cultivation is generally done by choosing one of two different cultivation methods: planting in dry and irrigated conditions. In the dry conditions planting method, the soil can be left fallow after wheat is planted, or lentils and similar grains can be planted in the soil until the next wheat planting period. In both wheat-fallow or wheat-lentil methods, the soil is prepared for planting in dry conditions. When planting under irrigated conditions, hoe plants or cotton are usually planted in the soil after wheat planting. In wheat cultivation carried out in this way, the soil must be cleaned of plant residues before the next wheat planting. Applying crop rotation in the production of wheat under irrigated or dry conditions is extremely important in preventing root diseases that may arise.

Wheat Flour and Semolina Industry 

Harvested wheat is transported to facilities for processing and goes through various processes. This processes are respectively;

 

Wheat Consumption in the World

Now let’s talk about which countries in the world consume wheat the most. The countries that consume the most wheat are;

1) China (Approximately 148,000 Tons)

2)EU Countries (Approximately 106,500 Tons)

3)India (Approximately 105,000 Tons)

4)Russia (Approximately 42,500 Tons)

5) USA (Approximately 32,523 Tons)

6) Pakistan (Approximately 26,200 Tons)

7) Turkey (Approximately 21,200 Tons)

These countries generally produce and consume flour and semolina from wheat.

Benefits of Wheat

  • • It relaxes the digestive system.
  • • Calcium, zinc and iron found in wheat are good for the body.
  • • Wheat prevents bowel and rectum cancer.
  • • Nourishes the skin and increases its flexibility. It also protects the skin against harmful sun rays and gives shine. It dries acne. It prevents skin cancer. 
  • • Strengthens hair and repairs split ends.
  • • Zinc and vitamin E found in wheat reduce the risk of macular degeneration and cataract disease in the eye. Additionally, wheat slows down vision loss and is good for the eyes.
  • • Wheat consumption balances blood sugar in the body. That’s why it is very useful for diabetic patients.